A professional energy audit can cost $200-500, but you can identify most energy problems yourself in a single afternoon. Here's a step-by-step guide to finding and fixing energy waste in your home.
What You'll Need
Check for Air Leaks
Air leaks are the biggest source of energy waste in most homes. Check these areas:
The Incense Test
On a windy day, light an incense stick and hold it near potential leak areas. Watch for smoke movement indicating drafts.
Check all edges, especially where different materials meet
Especially on exterior walls—feel for cold air
Should be sealed and insulated
Can be major leak points to attic
Where pipes/wires go through walls, floors, ceilings
Should close tightly when not in use
Inspect Insulation
Poor insulation means you're paying to heat or cool the outdoors.
Should be at least 10-14 inches (R-38 to R-49 depending on climate)
Look for exposed concrete or insulation gaps
May indicate missing wall insulation
Ducts in unconditioned spaces should be well-insulated
Evaluate HVAC System
Dirty filters reduce efficiency 5-15%. Check monthly.
Units over 15 years are significantly less efficient
Feel for air escaping at duct joints in basement/attic
Shouldn't be near drafts, vents, or direct sunlight
Ensure furniture isn't covering registers
Check Windows
Single-pane windows lose 10x more heat
Indicates seal failure—window should be replaced
Check exterior caulk for cracks and gaps
Locks pull sash tight; loose locks mean air gaps
Review Lighting & Appliances
LEDs use 75% less energy and last 25x longer
20+ year old appliances are energy hogs
Should be 120°F, not 140°F (factory default)
Electronics drawing power when "off"
Your Energy Audit Action Plan
- Seal air leaks around doors and windows
- Replace HVAC filter
- Add attic insulation if less than 10"
- Lower water heater to 120°F
- Seal duct leaks
- Replace incandescent bulbs with LED
- Add outlet gaskets on exterior walls
- Install smart thermostat
- Replace single-pane windows
- Upgrade to high-efficiency HVAC
- Add wall insulation
- Replace old appliances
Track Your Energy Improvements with NestorAI
NestorAI helps you reduce energy costs:
- Track your audit findings and improvements
- Monitor utility bills to measure savings
- Get reminders for maintenance (filter changes)
- Store rebate information and receipts